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Motion-Aware Optical Camera Communication with Event Cameras

Su, Hang, Gao, Ling, Liu, Tao, Kneip, Laurent

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

As the ubiquity of smart mobile devices continues to rise, Optical Camera Communication systems have gained more attention as a solution for efficient and private data streaming. This system utilizes optical cameras to receive data from digital screens via visible light. Despite their promise, most of them are hindered by dynamic factors such as screen refreshing and rapid camera motion. CMOS cameras, often serving as the receivers, suffer from limited frame rates and motion-induced image blur, which degrade overall performance. To address these challenges, this paper unveils a novel system that utilizes event cameras. We introduce a dynamic visual marker and design event-based tracking algorithms to achieve fast localization and data streaming. Remarkably, the event camera's unique capabilities mitigate issues related to screen refresh rates and camera motion, enabling a high throughput of up to 114 Kbps in static conditions, and a 1 cm localization accuracy with 1% bit error rate under various camera motions.


metasnf: Meta Clustering with Similarity Network Fusion in R

Velayudhan, Prashanth S, Xu, Xiaoqiao, Kallurkar, Prajkta, Balbon, Ana Patricia, Secara, Maria T, Taback, Adam, Sabac, Denise, Chan, Nicholas, Ma, Shihao, Wang, Bo, Felsky, Daniel, Ameis, Stephanie H, Cox, Brian, Hawco, Colin, Erdman, Lauren, Wheeler, Anne L

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

metasnf is an R package that enables users to apply meta clustering, a method for efficiently searching a broad space of cluster solutions by clustering the solutions themselves, to clustering workflows based on similarity network fusion (SNF). SNF is a multi-modal data integration algorithm commonly used for biomedical subtype discovery. The package also contains functions to assist with cluster visualization, characterization, and validation. This package can help researchers identify SNF-derived cluster solutions that are guided by context-specific utility over context-agnostic measures of quality.


Reviews: Low-rank Interaction with Sparse Additive Effects Model for Large Data Frames

Neural Information Processing Systems

Summary ------- This paper introduces a new statistical model for matrices of heterogeneous data (data frames) based on the exponential family. The features of this model are: i) modeling additive effects in a sparse way, ii) modeling low-rank interactions. The parameters of this model are then estimated by maximizing the likelihood with sparse and low-rank regularizations. In addition, this work comes with statistical guarantees and optimization convergence guarantees of the proposed algorithm. Numerical experiments concludes the manuscript. Quality ------- This paper is mathematically rigorous and technically sound.


MAC protocol classification in the ISM band using machine learning methods

Rashidpour, Hanieh, Bahramgiri, Hossein

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

With the emergence of new technologies and a growing number of wireless networks, we face the problem of radio spectrum shortages. As a result, identifying the wireless channel spectrum to exploit the channel's idle state while also boosting network security is a pivotal issue. Detecting and classifying protocols in the MAC sublayer enables Cognitive Radio users to improve spectrum utilization and minimize potential interference. In this paper, we classify the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth protocols, which are the most widely used MAC sublayer protocols in the ISM radio band. With the advent of various wireless technologies, especially in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, the ISM frequency spectrum has become crowded and high-traffic, which faces a lack of spectrum resources and user interference. Therefore, identifying and classifying protocols is an effective and useful method. Leveraging machine learning and deep learning techniques, known for their advanced classification capabilities, we apply Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbors algorithms, which are machine learning algorithms, to classify protocols into three classes: Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Beacon, and Bluetooth. To capture the signals, we use the USRP N210 Software Defined Radio device and sample the real data in the indoor environment in different conditions of the presence and absence of transmitters and receivers for these two protocols. By assembling this dataset and studying the time and frequency features of the protocols, we extract the frame width and the silence gap between the two frames as time features and the PAPR of each frame as a power feature. By comparing the output of the protocols classification in different conditions and also adding Gaussian noise, it was found that the samples in the nonlinear SVM method with RBF and KNN functions have the best performance, with 97.83% and 98.12% classification accuracy, respectively.


A Comprehensive Guide to Combining R and Python code for Data Science, Machine Learning and Reinforcement Learning

Navarro, Alejandro L. García, Koneva, Nataliia, Sánchez-Macián, Alfonso, Hernández, José Alberto

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

In recent years, data science and machine learning fields have experienced a rise in the use of Python and R [1, 2]. Python is often regarded as a tool with the greatest amount of libraries and tools designed for machine learning, artificial intelligence, and data engineering. Conversely, R remains a go-to language for statistical analysis and advanced visualization, thanks to packages along the lines of stats [3], caret [4], ggplot2 [5] or shiny [6]. In the evolving landscape of data science, combining multiple programming languages has become a popular strategy to take advantage of the strengths of each. For example, research has explored integrating Julia and Python for scientific computing to use Julia's computational efficiency alongside Python [7]. Similarly, the integration of Stata and Python has been examined to enhance machine learning applications, as shown in [8], which details how Stata's recent integration with Python allows for optimal tuning of machine learning models using Python's scikit-learn library.


Prediction of Wort Density with LSTM Network

Rembold, Derk, Stauss, Bernd, Schwarzkopf, Stefan

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Many physical target values in technical processes are error-prone, cumbersome, or expensive to measure automatically. One example of a physical target value is the wort density, which is an important value needed for beer production. This article introduces a system that helps the brewer measure wort density through sensors in order to reduce errors in manual data collection. Instead of a direct measurement of wort density, a method is developed that calculates the density from measured values acquired by inexpensive standard sensors such as pressure or temperature. The model behind the calculation is a neural network, known as LSTM.


A Cyber-Physical Architecture for Microgrids based on Deep learning and LORA Technology

Mohammadi, Mojtaba, KavousiFard, Abdollah, Dabbaghjamanesh, Mortza, Shaaban, Mostafa, Zeineldin, Hatem. H., El-Saadany, Ehab Fahmy

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

This paper proposes a cyber-physical architecture for the secured social operation of isolated hybrid microgrids (HMGs). On the physical side of the proposed architecture, an optimal scheduling scheme considering various renewable energy sources (RESs) and fossil fuel-based distributed generation units (DGs) is proposed. Regarding the cyber layer of MGs, a wireless architecture based on low range wide area (LORA) technology is introduced for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in smart electricity grids. In the proposed architecture, the LORA data frame is described in detail and designed for the application of smart meters considering DGs and ac-dc converters. Additionally, since the cyber layer of smart grids is highly vulnerable to cyber-attacks, t1his paper proposes a deep-learning-based cyber-attack detection model (CADM) based on bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) and sequential hypothesis testing (SHT) to detect false data injection attacks (FDIA) on the smart meters within AMI. The performance of the proposed energy management architecture is evaluated using the IEEE 33-bus test system. In order to investigate the effect of FDIA on the isolated HMGs and highlight the interactions between the cyber layer and physical layer, an FDIA is launched against the test system. The results showed that a successful attack can highly damage the system and cause widespread load shedding. Also, the performance of the proposed CADM is examined using a real-world dataset. Results prove the effectiveness of the proposed CADM in detecting the attacks using only two samples.


Online Action Recognition for Human Risk Prediction with Anticipated Haptic Alert via Wearables

Guo, Cheng, Rapetti, Lorenzo, Darvish, Kourosh, Grieco, Riccardo, Draicchio, Francesco, Pucci, Daniele

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

This paper proposes a framework that combines online human state estimation, action recognition and motion prediction to enable early assessment and prevention of worker biomechanical risk during lifting tasks. The framework leverages the NIOSH index to perform online risk assessment, thus fitting real-time applications. In particular, the human state is retrieved via inverse kinematics/dynamics algorithms from wearable sensor data. Human action recognition and motion prediction are achieved by implementing an LSTM-based Guided Mixture of Experts architecture, which is trained offline and inferred online. With the recognized actions, a single lifting activity is divided into a series of continuous movements and the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation can be applied for risk assessment. Moreover, the predicted motions enable anticipation of future risks. A haptic actuator, embedded in the wearable system, can alert the subject of potential risk, acting as an active prevention device. The performance of the proposed framework is validated by executing real lifting tasks, while the subject is equipped with the iFeel wearable system.